Paranubhuti Foundation

Mental Health despite its profound impact on a person’s life, often finds itself shrouded in ignorance and stigma within the larger society. The reasons behind this are quite complex stemming from a bunch of historical, cultural, and societal factors. This article delves into several factors that attempt to unravel the mystery behind the widespread ignorance surrounding mental health. 

1. Stigma and Misconception 

One of the major reasons mental Health is ignored or sidelined is the pervasive stigma around it. Deep-rooted misconceptions and stereotypes paint those with stigma as weak or unpredictable. This communal judgement of mental health conditions persuades people to hide it or suppress it hence perpetuating a cycle of ignorance through generations. 

2. Cultural and Historical context

Both cultural and historical factors play a major role in shaping a society’s attitude towards not just mental health but any disease. In some cultures, mental health is seen through a lens of shame or because of personal failure. Historically too, we have seen people with mental illness institutionalized or tortured also makes people not come forward with it. 

3. Lack of visible physical symptoms

Unlike physical health conditions that have a visible effect on our bodies, mental health issues occur mostly internally. Since it isn’t visible to the naked eye, we don’t think of it as something that needs any immediate attention or any attention at all. Suicide rates because of depression in India have been a matter of concern and there can be no bigger visible symptom than that. 

4. Inadequate education and awareness 

Insufficient education and awareness about mental health keep alive its ignorance. Many communities have little to no education about mental health leaving the majority of the people to address and diagnose these issues themselves instead of consulting professionals Economic factors and Healthcare accessibility.

5. Economic factors and Healthcare accessibility 

In societies with limited access to mental healthcare services, economic factors come into play. Mental health services are often seen as a luxury, and individuals may prioritize physical health needs due to economic constraints. Added to this most mental health services are expensive in India and almost unaffordable though they are cheaper alternatives it is a minority. The scarcity of mental health resources further deepens the ignorance surrounding mental well-being. 

6. Normalization of stress or anxiety 

In many urban and capitalist societies, stress has become normalized as a byproduct of a fast paced and competitive lifestyle. The normalization of stress may lead individuals to dismiss the severity of their mental health challenges, considering them a natural part of modern living rather than recognizing them as genuine health concerns. 

In conclusion, the ignorance surrounding mental health in society is a multifaceted issue deeply entrenched in cultural, historical, and societal fabrics. To address the silent epidemic, coordinated efforts are needed to dismantle stereotypes, foster education, and promote open dialogue. By challenging stigma, increasing awareness, and prioritizing mental health on par with physical health, societies can take crucial steps towards breaking the cycle of ignorance and creating a more empathetic and supportive environment for all individuals. The journey towards a mentally healthy society begins with understanding and acknowledging the complex web of factors that contribute to the prevailing silence around mental health. 

Abstract

Learn about the negative effects of the spitting habit on society, the environment, and health. You can also learn practical ways to stop this bad habit.

 Overview of the Spitting Habit

The practice of spitting can be described as forcing saliva out of the mouth, which frequently results in droplets being released into the surrounding area.

 Health Risks Associated with Spitting

1. Contagious Disease Spread: Diseases and infections, such as respiratory problems and oral infections, can spread more easily when someone spits.

2. Risk of Contamination: Saliva can contaminate surfaces and objects and carries a variety of microorganisms that increase the risk of transmission to other people.

3. Oral Health Issues: Spitting frequently may cause dental issues like tooth decay and bad breath.

 Social and Cultural Perspectives on Spitting

1. Taboo in Many Cultures: Spitting is seen as demeaning, unclean, and offensive in many cultures worldwide.
2. Disruptive to Social Interactions: In social situations, spitting can lead to discomfort, disgust, and a bad impression of the person.
3. Public Nuisance: In public places, spitting can create an unpleasant atmosphere and have an impact on people’s general perceptions of safety and cleanliness.

• Cultural points of view: Spitting is thought to ward off evil spirits or bring good luck in certain cultures.
• Tobacco and Chewing Habits: Spitting is one way consumers of chewable tobacco or smokeless tobacco products get rid of extra saliva and tobacco residue.
• Respiratory Conditions: Spitting habits may develop in people with respiratory disorders or diseases because of an increased need to clear their airways.
• Habitual Behaviors: Spitting can be acquired by imitation, social conditioning, or an anxiety-inducing stressful situation.

The Environmental Impact of Spitting

The following reasons explain how spitting causes contamination and deterioration in the environment:

• Contamination of public areas, like transportation centres and sidewalks
• Bringing hazardous bacteria into ecosystems that are naturally occurring
• Increased workload for employees in maintenance and sanitation

Ways to Stop the Spitting Habit

Educate and Raise Awareness: People should be made aware of the health hazards, societal views, and environmental effects of spitting.

Promote Healthy Alternatives: Promote the hygienic use of handkerchiefs, tissues, or disposable spittoons in place of spitting.

Examine the underlying causes: Determine the underlying causes of the habit, such as stress, anxiety, or cultural beliefs, and take appropriate action.

Develop a change in your behaviour: To stop the habit of spitting, use strategies such as self-monitoring, positive reinforcement, and substitution behaviours.

Conclusion and Call to Action

It’s essential to kick the spitting habit if you want to keep yourself healthy, keep things clean, and promote civility in society. Come along with us as we raise awareness and adopt responsible conduct.

A closer look at the Indian social dynamic.

A Call to Action for Sustainable Antibiotic Efficacy

In the face of a rapidly changing climate, marginalized communities are often the first and most severely impacted. These communities, often characterized by lower socioeconomic status, limited access to resources, and historical marginalization, are disproportionately vulnerable to the devastating effects of climate change disasters. Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, wildfires, and heat waves. These events have far-reaching consequences, disrupting livelihoods, destroying homes and infrastructure, and increasing inequalities.Marginalized communities are often located in areas that are most susceptible to these climate-related hazards. For instance, low-income communities may reside in coastal areas vulnerable to sea level rise or in flood-prone regions. Additionally, these communities may lack the resources to adequately prepare for and recover from disasters, further compounding their vulnerability.

The impacts of climate change disasters on marginalized communities are multifaceted and far-reaching. These disasters can lead to:

1)Loss of lives and livelihoods: Climate change disasters can directly cause death and injury, as well as the destruction of homes, crops, and livestock, disrupting livelihoods and plunging families into poverty.

2)Displacement and migration: Climate change disasters can force people to abandon their homes and seek refuge in other areas, leading to displacement and migration, often to already overcrowded and resource-scarce regions.

3)Health impacts: Climate change disasters can worsen existing health problems and introduce new ones, such as respiratory illnesses from air pollution and waterborne diseases from floods.

4)Economic hardship: Climate change disasters can disrupt economic activities, leading to job losses, reduced income, and increased financial strain for marginalized communities.

5)Social and emotional trauma: Climate change disasters can cause significant psychological trauma, particularly for children and vulnerable groups, leading to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

The plight of marginalized communities in the face of climate change disasters demands urgent action and collective responsibility. Organizations like Paranubhuti Foundation are playing a crucial role in supporting these communities by providing relief, rehabilitation, and resilience-building programs.

Paranubhuti Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to empowering marginalized communities and promoting sustainable development. In response to the growing threat of climate change, the foundation is working tirelessly to support marginalized communities ensuring that these communities are not left behind in the face of climate change disasters. Your generous support will enable the foundation to continue its vital work and make a tangible difference in the lives of those most vulnerable.

Please consider donating to Paranubhuti Foundation today and join the fight for climate justice and equitable resilience. Together, we can build a more resilient and inclusive future where all communities have the resources and support they need to thrive in the face of a changing climate.

Abstract

Understand about the various cancers that affect women and the significance of women’s health. Look into the data, risk factors, strategies for prevention, available treatments, and available systems of assistance. We can improve the lives of women dealing with these issues by increasing awareness and encouraging early detection.

 Overview of Cancers Affecting Women’s Health

Breast Cancer:

Breast cancer, affecting the breast tissue, is one of the most common cancers in women’s health and may affect both men and women. Frequent self-examinations and mammograms are essential for early detection.

Ovarian Cancer:

Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries and is frequently discovered when symptoms start to show. Bloating and stomach discomfort are possible symptoms. Increased survival rates can result from early detection via screening tests.

Cervical Cancer:

Some strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer, which is an illness that affects the cervix. As effective preventive measures, routine Pap smears and HPV vaccinations.

Uterine Cancer:

The uterine lining is the initial site of uterine cancer, which is also referred to as endometrial cancer. Abnormal vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain are among the early warning signs. For a treatment to be effective, a medical examination must provide a timely diagnosis.

Risk Factors and Prevention

Genetic Factor:

Breast and ovarian cancers are more likely to occur in people with specific gene mutations, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. Genetic testing and counselling can assist in determining susceptibility.

Lifestyle Factor:

Many cancers that affect women’s health can be linked to risk factors such as smoking, drinking excessively, being obese, and not exercising enough. The risk is decreased by leading a healthy lifestyle.

Early detection and Screening:

Mammograms, Pap smears, and HPV tests are examples of routine screenings that can detect cancers early on in the disease’s progression when treatment is more successful. Adhering to suggested screening protocols is essential.

Importance of Regular Check-ups and Self-examinations:

Early detection of women’s health cancers can be achieved through basic yet vital measures such as routine check-ups with healthcare professionals and self-examinations for changes in the breast and skin.

Treatment Options

Surgery:

Common treatments for cancers of the breast, uterus, or ovary include surgery such as lumpectomy or mastectomy for breast cancer, hysterectomy for uterine cancer, and debulking surgery for ovarian cancer.

Radiation Therapy:

With radiation therapy, cancer cells are destroyed by high-energy rays. For some cancers related to women’s health, it is frequently used either as a primary treatment or after surgery.

Chemotherapy:

Strong medications are used in chemotherapy to eradicate cancer cells all over the body. It can be injected intravenously, orally, or directly into the place of injury.

Targeted Therapy:

Drugs designed to selectively target cancer cells while causing the least amount of harm to healthy cells are used in targeted therapy. Certain cancers affecting women’s health offer encouraging outcomes.

Support and Resources

Support Groups and Counselling Services:

Women and their loved ones can receive emotional support and useful advice during their cancer journey by joining support groups and seeking counselling services.

Women’s Health Organizations:

Information, resources, and guidance are provided by organizations committed to women’s health, like the National Breast Cancer Foundation and the American Cancer Society.

Government Programs and Initiatives:

Enhancing women’s health and preventing cancer are the goals of government programs like public health campaigns, funding for research, and free or subsidized screenings.

Conclusion

To improve outcomes and save lives, early detection of women’s health cancers must be promoted. Better cancer management is being made possible by ongoing research and treatment innovations, which is guaranteeing a better future for women everywhere.

Explore the strides in tribal development in India, where constitutional safeguards, educational initiatives, and economic empowerment programs converge to uplift marginalized communities. This insightful overview delves into the multifaceted approach that aims to preserve cultural heritage while fostering inclusive growth

Menstruation specifically is a process that occurs in females of reproductive age. It involves the shedding of the lining of the uterus, which literally leads to bleeding in a kind of major way. The menstrual cycle, which typically lasts, around 28 days is regulated by hormones. Plays a role in fertility in a pretty major way. However, there essentially are often misunderstandings and societal stigma surrounding menstruation that need to actually be addressed to literally promote health and understanding.

Identifying the Cycle of Menstruation

Stage 1; Menstruation: In this phase the inner lining of the uterus is shed, resulting in bleeding. Hormone levels are low during this time.

Stage 2; Follicular Phase: Eggs in the ovaries start to mature. The lining of the uterus thickens. Hormones stimulate follicle growth.

Stage 3; Ovulation: An egg is released from the ovary ready, for fertilization. Hormone levels reach their peak during this phase.

Stage 4; Luteal Phase: The uterine lining continues to thicken as the body prepares for pregnancy. Hormone levels decrease in the absence of conception.

Bursting Commonly Held Myths

1. Exercising during menstruation is not harmful; in fact, it can help alleviate symptoms and improve mood and energy levels.
2. Menstruation does not indicate dirtiness; Menstrual blood is fluid and does not imply being unclean or dirty.
3. It is not safe to skip periods while using birth control; Skipping periods does not affect health. It can offer substantial relief, for individuals experiencing heavy or painful bleeding.

Physical and Emotional Changes During the Menstrual Cycle

Physical Changes: These changes can vary from person to person. May include breast tenderness, bloating, fatigue and acne during menstruation.

Emotional Changes: Hormonal fluctuations can lead to changes like mood swings, irritability and increased sensitivity during the menstrual cycle.

Handling Menstrual Symptoms

Exercise: Engaging in activities can be beneficial for reducing cramps and uplifting your mood.

Heat Therapy: Applying heat to the abdomen can provide relief from pain and discomfort.

Healthy Diet: Consuming foods rich in nutrients plays a role in hormone regulation and symptom reduction.

Changing Perceptions in Society

“It’s time to shift the narrative surrounding menstruation and nurture a culture where open conversations and education are embraced as the norm. By challenging stereotypes and recognizing health as a part of overall wellbeing we can build a more inclusive and supportive society.”

Staying Active and Comfortable

Yoga: Gentle yoga poses can effectively relieve cramps while promoting relaxation during this time.

Comfortable Clothing: Opting for breathable fabrics throughout the day ensures comfort during menstruation

Healthy Diet: Maintain a diet by fuelling your body with nourishing foods, like leafy greens and whole grains. These choices can contribute to your well-being and support your health.

Breaking the Menstrual Taboo

Education: Raising awareness about menstruation through education helps combat stigma and promotes understanding among individuals.

Access to Menstrual Products: Ensuring that affordable and hygienic menstrual products are accessible, to all individuals regardless of their status.

Language Matters: Choosing language when discussing menstruation fosters an environment that promotes positive attitudes.

Iron-deficiency anemia has remained the top cause of disability in India for 10 years now. The result of poverty, malnutrition, poor sanitation and imbalanced vegetarian diet, widespread anemia has impacted the productivity of India’s workforce.

Disability in this context has a wider meaning; it means absence of good health. This includes factors such as mobility, self-care, participation in routine activities, pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression, and cognitive impairment.

Iron-deficiency anemia in India is rampant among children below the age of three (about 78.9%) and women (about 55%); men follow about 24%, according to the National Family Healthy Survey. The basic symptoms of this anemia are fatigue, weakness, lethargy, shortness of breath and decreased concentration. 

Anemia affects productivity.

Anaemia reduces the work capacity of individuals and entire populations, bringing serious economic consequences and obstacles to national development, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Anaemia has led to much loss in productivity among workers engaged in heavy physical labour and a much decrease in the output of moderately active workers, besides causing cognitive deficits in malnourished children, according study published in the Journal of Nutrition.

Effect of pregnant women & children’s IQ.

Effect of pregnant women & children’s IQ.India loses much of its gross domestic product (GDP) due to iron-deficiency anaemia. This can be up to billions or lakh crores rupees according to the World Bank’s estimate of India’s GDP.

Anemia mostly affects women and children, the impact of anaemia is best understood by looking at maternal deaths and school dropout rates.

Anaemia during pregnancy also increases the chances of foetal deaths, abnormalities, pre-term and underweight babies.

In children, iron-deficiency anaemia severely affects cognitive performance. It also impacts language skills, motor skills and coordination among infants and young children, and a deficit of five to 10 points in intelligence quotient (IQ). But these effects of iron deficiency in infancy cannot be correct by subsequent iron therapy.

Anaemia also impacts the immune system and increases chances of infections and inflammatory disease, further affecting individual productivity.

Factors responsible for Anemia in India.

The leading causes of anaemia in India are poverty, malnutrition, caste factors, cultural, social factors & poor sanitation. Frequent occurrences of malaria and worm infestations too result in high incidence of anaemia.

A vegetarian diet is also linked with iron-deficiency anaemia. Even though a vegetarian diet contains as much dietary iron as a non-vegetarian diet, research has shown that animal-based iron is better absorbed (15-40%) than plant-based iron (1-15%). To make up for the low absorption, large quantities of green leafy vegetables, pulses and nuts need to be consumed. But these are unaffordable for the poor.

Other causes & types are chronic diseases, frequent blood losses, vitamin B12 deficiency, aplastic anemia, bone marrow problem, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, etc.

Initiatives needed;

Health Education & Awareness

We do health education & awareness about anemia & related topics so that people should understand the problem & severity & know how to tackle this national health issue of their own. We use creative, ground level & advanced methods to educate people.

Anemia Detection & Treatment Camps

We organize anemia screening & detection camps though which we can know who people are anemic & needs treatment. We use portable blood testing equipment for outreach activities. The anemic cases are recorded & followed up for treatment from our organization or through government or other healthcare agencies.  

Nutritional Assessment, Supplement & Iron Supplement

For prevention of anemia we do area-wise or camp-wise nutritional assessment & provide nutritional as well as iron supplement to needy people. Then we also do follow up nutritional assessment to know the results & provide more supplements for needy people.

1. We Are All Born Free & Equal. We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all be treated in the same way.

2. Don’t Discriminate. These rights belong to everybody, whatever our differences.

3. The Right to Life. We all have the right to life, and to live in freedom and safety.

4. No Slavery. Nobody has any right to make us a slave. We cannot make anyone our slave.

5. No Torture. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us.

 6. You Have Rights No Matter Where You Go. I am a person just like you!

7. We’re All Equal Before the Law. The law is the same for everyone. It must treat us all fairly.

8. Your Human Rights Are Protected by Law. We can all ask for the law to help us when we are not treated fairly.

9. No Unfair Detainment. Nobody has the right to put us in prison without good reason and keep us there, or to send us away from our country.

10. The Right to Trial. If we are put on trial this should be in public. The people who try us should not let anyone tell them what to do.

11. We’re Always Innocent Till Proven Guilty. Nobody should be blamed for doing something until it is proven. When people say we did a bad thing we have the right to show it is not true.

12. The Right to Privacy. Nobody should try to harm our good name. Nobody has the right to come into our home, open our letters, or bother us or our family without a good reason.

 13. Freedom to Move. We all have the right to go where we want in our own country and to travel as we wish.

14. The Right to Seek a Safe Place to Live. If we are frightened of being badly treated in our own country, we all have the right to run away to another country to be safe.

15. Right to a Nationality. We all have the right to belong to a country.

 16. Marriage and Family. Every grown-up has the right to marry and have a family if they want to. Men and women have the same rights when they are married, and when they are separated.

 17. The Right to Your Own Things. Everyone has the right to own things or share them. Nobody should take our things from us without a good reason.

18. Freedom of Thought. We all have the right to believe in what we want to believe, to have a religion, or to change it if we want.

19. Freedom of Expression. We all have the right to make up our own minds, to think what we like, to say what we think, and to share our ideas with other people.

 20. The Right to Public Assembly. We all have the right to meet our friends and to work together in peace to defend our rights. Nobody can make us join a group if we don’t want to.

21. The Right to Democracy. We all have the right to take part in the government of our country. Every grown-up should be allowed to choose their own leaders.

22. Social Security. We all have the right to affordable housing, medicine, education, and childcare, enough money to live on and medical help if we are ill or old.

23. Workers’ Rights. Every grown-up has the right to do a job, to a fair wage for their work, and to join a trade union.

24. The Right to Play. We all have the right to rest from work and to relax.

25. Food and Shelter for All. We all have the right to a good life. Mothers and children, people who are old, unemployed or disabled, and all people have the right to be cared for.

26. The Right to Education. Education is a right. Primary school should be free. We should learn about the United Nations and how to get on with others. Our parents can choose what we learn.

 27. Copyright. Copyright is a special law that protects one’s own artistic creations and writings; others cannot make copies without permission. We all have the right to our own way of life and to enjoy the good things that art, science and learning bring.

 28. A Fair and Free World. There must be proper order so we can all enjoy rights and freedoms in our own country and all over the world.

29. Responsibility. We have a duty to other people, and we should protect their rights and freedoms.

30. No One Can Take Away Your Human Rights.

मानव अधिकारों की सार्वभौम घोषणा

१० दिसम्बर १९४८ को यूनाइटेड नेशन्स की जनरल असेम्बली ने मानव अधिकारों की सार्वभौम घोषणा को स्वीकृत और घोषित किया । इसका पूर्ण पाठ आगे के पृष्ठों में दिया गया है । इस ऐतिहासिक कार्य के बाद ही असेम्बली ने सभी सदस्य देशों से अपील की कि वे इस घोषणा का प्रचार करें और देशों अथवा प्रदेशों की राजनैतिक स्थिति पर आधारित भेदभाव का विचार किए बिना, विशेषतः स्कूलों और अन्य शिक्षा संस्थाओं में इसके प्रचार, प्रदर्शन, पठन और व्याख्या का प्रबन्ध करें ।

इसी घोषणा का सरकारी पाठ संयुक्त राष्ट्रों की इन पांच भाषाओं में प्राप्य हैः—अंग्रेजी, चीनी, फ्रांसीसी, रूसी और स्पेनिश । अनुवाद का जो पाठ यहां दिया गया है, वह भारत सरकार द्वारा स्वीकृत है ।

प्रस्तावना

चूंकि मानव परिवार के सभी सदस्यों के जन्मजात गौरव और समान तथा अविच्छिन्न अधिकार की स्वीकृति ही विश्व-शान्ति, न्याय और स्वतन्त्रता की बुनियाद है,

चूंकि मानव अधिकारों के प्रति उपेक्षा और घृणा के फलस्वरूप ही ऐसे बर्बर कार्य हुए जिनसे मनुष्य की आत्मा पर अत्याचार किया गया, चूंकि एक ऐसी विश्व-व्यवस्था की उस स्थापना को ( जिसमें लोगों को भाषण और धर्म की आज़ादी तथा भय और अभाव से मुक्ति मिलेगी ) सर्वसाधारण के लिए सर्वोच्च आकांक्षा घोषित किया गया है,

चूंकि अगर अन्याययुक्त शासन और जुल्म के विरुद्घ लोगों को विद्रोह करने के लिए—उसे ही अन्तिम उपाय समझ कर—मजबूर नहीं हो जाना है, तो कानून द्वारा नियम बनाकर मानव अधिकारों की रक्षा करना अनिवार्य है,

चूंकि राष्ट्रों के बीच मैत्रीपूर्ण सम्बन्धों को बढ़ाना ज़रूरी है,

चूंकि संयुक्त राष्ट्रों के सदस्य देशों की जनताओं ने बुनियादी मानव अधिकारों में, मानव व्यक्तित्व के गौरव और योग्यता में और नरनारियों के समान अधिकारों में अपने विश्वास को अधिकार-पत्र में दुहराया है और यह निश्चय किया है कि अधिक व्यापक स्वतन्त्रता के अन्तर्गत सामाजिक प्रगति एवं जीवन के बेहतर स्तर को ऊंचा किया जाया,

चूंकि सदस्य देशों ने यह प्रतिज्ञा को है कि वे संयुक्त राष्ट्रों के सहयोग से मानव अधिकारों और बुनियादी आज़ादियों के प्रति सार्वभौम सम्मान की वृद्घि करेंगे,

चूंकि इस प्रतिज्ञा को पूरी तरह से निभाने के लिए इन अधिकारों और आज़ादियों का स्वरूप ठीक-ठीक समझना सबसे अधिक ज़रूरी है । इसलिए, अब,

सामान्य सभा

घोषित करती है कि

मानव अधिकारों की यह सार्वभौम घोषणा सभी देशों और सभी लोगों की समान सफलता है । इसका उद्देश्य यह है कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति और समाज का प्रत्येक भाग इस घोषणा को लगातार दृष्टि में रखते हुए अध्यापन और शिक्षा के द्वारा यह प्रयत्न करेगा कि इन अधिकारों और आज़ादियों के प्रति सम्मान की भावना जाग्रत हो, और उत्तरोत्तर ऐसे राष्ट्रीय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय उपाय किये जाएं जिनसे सदस्य देशों की जनता तथा उनके द्वारा अधिकृत प्रदेशों की जनता इन अधिकारों की सार्वभौम और प्रभावोत्पादक स्वीकृति दे और उनका पालन करावे ।

अनुच्छेद १.

सभी मनुष्यों को गौरव और अधिकारों के मामले में जन्मजात स्वतन्त्रता और समानता प्राप्त है । उन्हें बुद्धि और अन्तरात्मा की देन प्राप्त है और परस्पर उन्हें भाईचारे के भाव से बर्ताव करना चाहिए ।

अनुच्छेद २.

सभी को इस घोषणा में सन्निहित सभी अधिकारों और आज़ादियों को प्राप्त करने का हक़ है और इस मामले में जाति, वर्ण, लिंग, भाषा, धर्म, राजनीति या अन्य विचार-प्रणाली, किसी देश या समाज विशेष में जन्म, सम्पत्ति या किसी प्रकार की अन्य मर्यादा आदि के कारण भेदभाव का विचार न किया जाएगा ।

इसके अतिरिक्त, चाहे कोई देश या प्रदेश स्वतन्त्र हो, संरक्षित हो, या स्त्रशासन रहित हो या परिमित प्रभुसत्ता वाला हो, उस देश या प्रदेश की राजनैतिक, क्षेत्रीय या अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्थिति के आधार पर वहां के निवासियों के प्रति कोई फ़रक़ न रखा जाएगा ।

अनुच्छेद ३.

प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को जीवन, स्वाधीनता और वैयक्तिक सुरक्षा का अधिकार है ।

अनुच्छेद ४.

कोई भी ग़ुलामी या दासता की हालत में न रखा जाएगा, ग़ुलामी-प्रथा और ग़ुलामों का व्यापार अपने सभी रूपों में निषिद्ध होगा ।

अनुच्छेद ५.

किसी को भी शारीरिक यातना न दी जाएगी और न किसी के भी प्रति निर्दय, अमानुषिक या अपमानजनक व्यवहार होगा ।

अनुच्छेद ६.

हर किसी को हर जगह क़ानून की निग़ाह में व्यक्ति के रूप में स्वीकृति-प्राप्ति का अधिकार है ।

अनुच्छेद ७.

क़ानून की निग़ाह में सभी समान हैं और सभी बिना भेदभाव के समान क़ानूनी सुरक्षा के अधिकारी हैं । यदि इस घोषणा का अतिक्रमण करके कोई भी भेद-भाव किया जाया उस प्रकार के भेद-भाव को किसी प्रकार से उकसाया जाया, तो उसके विरुद्ध समान संरक्षण का अधिकार सभी को प्राप्त है ।

अनुच्छेद ८.

सभी को संविधान या क़ानून द्वारा प्राप्त बुनियादी अधिकारों का अतिक्रमण करने वाले कार्यों के विरुद्ध समुचित राष्ट्रीय अदालतों की कारगर सहायता पाने का हक़ है ।

अनुच्छेद ९.

किसी को भी मनमाने ढंग से गिरफ़्तार, नज़रबन्द या देश-निष्कासित न किया जाएगा ।

अनुच्छेद १०.

सभी को पूर्णतः समान रूप से हक़ है कि उनके अधिकारों और कर्तव्यों के निश्चय करने के मामले में और उन पर आरोपित फौज़दारी के किसी मामले में उनकी सुनवाई न्यायोचित और सार्वजनिक रूप से निरपेक्ष एवं निष्पक्ष अदालत द्वारा हो ।

अनुच्छेद ११.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति, जिस पर दण्डनीय अपराध का आरोप किया गया हो, तब तक निरपराध माना जाएगा, जब तक उसे ऐसी खुली अदालत में, जहां उसे अपनी सफ़ाई की सभी आवश्यक सुविधाएं प्राप्त हों, कानून के अनुसार अपराधी न सिद्ध कर दिया जाया ।

(२) कोई भी व्यक्ति किसी भी ऐसे कृत या अकृत (अपराध) के कारण उस दण्डनीय अपराध का अपराधी न माना जाएगा, जिसे तत्कालीन प्रचलित राष्ट्रीय या अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय क़ानून के अनुसार दण्डनीय अपराध न माना जाए और न उससे अधिक भारी दण्ड दिया जा सकेगा, जो उस समय दिया जाता जिस समय वह दण्डनीय अपराध किया गया था ।

अनुच्छेद १२.

किसी व्यक्ति की एकान्तता, परिवार, घर या पत्रव्यवहार के प्रति कोई मनमाना हस्तक्षेप न किया जाएगा, न किसी के सम्मान और ख्याति पर कोई आक्षेप हो सकेगा । ऐसे हस्तक्षेप या आधेपों के विरुद्ध प्रत्येक को क़ानूनी रक्षा का अधिकार प्राप्त है ।

अनुच्छेद १३.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को प्रत्येक देश की सीपाओं के अन्दर स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक आने, जाने और बसने का अधिकार है ।

(२) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने या पराये किसी भी देश को छोड़नो और अपने देश को वापस आनो का अधिकार है ।

अनुच्छेद १४.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को सताये जाने पर दूसरे देशों में शरण लेने और रहने का अधिकार है ।

(२) इस अधिकार का लाभ ऐसे मामलों में नहीं मिलेगा जो वास्तव में गैर-राजनीतिक अपराधों से सम्बन्धित हैं, या जो संयुक्त राष्ट्रों के उद्देश्यों और सिद्धान्तों के विरुद्ध कार्य हैं ।

अनुच्छेद १५.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को किसी भी राष्ट्र-विशेष को नागरिकता का अधिकार है ।

(२) किसी को भी मनमाने ढंग से अपने राष्ट्र की नागरिकता से वंचित न किया जाएगा या नागरिकता का यरिवर्तन करने से मना न किया जाएगा ।

अनुच्छेद १६.

(१) बालिग़ स्त्री-पुरुषों को बिना किसी जाति, राष्ट्रीयता या धर्म की रुकावटों के आपस में विवाह करने और परिवार को स्थापन करने का अधिकार है । उन्हें विवाह के विषय में वैवाहिक जीवन में, तथा विवाह विच्छेड के बारे में समान अधिकार है ।

(२) विवाह का इरादा रखने वाले स्त्री-पुरुषों की पूर्ण और स्वतन्त्र सहमित पर ही विवाह हो सकेगा ।

(३) परिवार समाज की स्वाभाविक और बुनियादी सामूहिक इकाई है और उसे समाज तथा राज्य द्वारा संरक्षण पाने का अधिकार है ।

अनुच्छेद १७.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अकेले और दूसरों के साथ मिलकर सम्मति रखने का अधिकार है ।

(२) किसी को भी मनमाने ढंग से अपनी सम्मति से वंचित न किया जाएगा ।

अनुच्छेद १८.

प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को विचार, अन्तरात्मा और धर्म की आज़ादी का अधिकार है । इस अधिकार के अन्तर्गत अपना धर्म या विश्वास बदलने और अकेले या दूसरों के साथ मिलकर तथा सार्वजनिक रूप में अथवा निजी तोर पर अपने धर्म या विश्वास को शिक्षा, क्रिया, उपासना, तथा व्यवहार के द्वारा प्रकट करने की स्वतन्त्रता है ।

अनुच्छेद १९.

प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को विचार और उसकी अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता का अधिकार है । इसके अन्तर्गत बिना हस्तक्षेप के कोई राय रखना और किसी भी माध्यम के ज़रिए से तथा सीमाओं की परवाह न कर के किसी की मूचना और धारणा का अन्वेषण, प्रहण तथा प्रदान सम्मिलित है ।

अनुच्छेद २०.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को शान्ति पूर्ण सभा करने या समिति बनाने की स्वतन्त्रता का अधिकार है ।

(२) किसी को भी किसी संस्था का सदस्य बनने के लिए मजबूर नहीं किया जा सकता ।

अनुच्छेद २१.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने देश के शासन में प्रत्यक्ष रूप से या स्वतन्त्र रूप से चुने गए प्रतिनिधियों के ज़रिए हिस्सा लेने का अधिकार है ।

(२) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने देश की सरकारी नौकरियों को प्राप्त करने का समान अधिकार है ।

(३) सरकार की सत्ता का आधार जनता की दच्छा होगी । इस इच्छा का प्रकटन समय-समय पर और असली चुनावों द्वारा होगा । ये चुनाव सार्वभौम और समान मताधिकार द्वारा होंगे और गुप्त मतदान द्वारा या किमी अन्य समान स्वतन्त्र मतदान पद्धति से कराये जाएंगे ।

अनुच्छेद २२.

समाज के एक सदस्य के रूप में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को सामाजिक सुरक्षा का अधिकार है और प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने व्यक्तित्व के उस स्वतन्त्र विकास तथा गोरव के लिए—जो राष्ट्रीय प्रयत्न या अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय सहयोग तथा प्रत्येक राज्य के संगठन एवं साधनों के अनुकूल हो—अनिकार्यतः आवश्यक आर्थिक, सामाजिक, और सांस्कृतिक अधिकारों की प्राप्ति का हक़ है ।

अनुच्छेद २३.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को काम करने, इच्छानुमार रोज़गार के चुनाव, काम की उचित और सुविधाजनक परिस्थितियों को प्राप्त करने और बेकारी से संरक्षण पाने का हक़ है ।

(२) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को समान कार्य के लिए बिना किसी भेदभाव के समान मज़दूरी पाने का अधिकार है ।

(३) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को जो काम करता है, अधिकार है कि वह इतनी उचित और अनुकूल मज़दूरी पाए, जिससे वह अपने लिए और अपने परिवार के लिए ऐसी आजीविका का प्रबन्ध कर मके, जो मानवीय गौरव के योग्य हो तथा आवश्यकता होने पर उसकी पूर्ति अन्य प्रकार के सामाजिक संरक्षणों द्वारा हो सके ।

(४) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने हितों की रक्षा के लिए श्रमजीवी संघ बनाने और उनमें भाग लेने का अधिकार है ।

अनुच्छेद २४.

प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को विश्राम और अवकाश का अधिकार है । इसके अन्तर्गत काम के घंटों की उचित हदबन्दी और समय-समय पर मज़दूरी सहित छुट्टियां सम्मिलित है ।

अनुच्छेद २५.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को ऐसे जीवनस्तर को प्राप्त करने का अधिकार है जो उसे और उसके परिवार के स्वास्थ्य एवं कल्याण के लिए पर्याप्त हो । इसके अन्तर्गत खाना, कपड़ा, मकान, चिकित्सा-सम्बन्धी सुविधाएं और आवश्यक सामाजिक सेवाएं सम्मिलित है । सभी को बेकारी, बीमारी, असमर्थता, वैधव्य, बुढापे या अन्य किसी ऐसी परिस्थिति में आजीविका का साधन न होने पर जो उसके क़ाबू के बाहर हो, सुरक्षा का अधिकार प्राप्त है ।

(२) जच्चा और बच्चा को खास सहायता और सुविधा का हक़ है । प्रत्येक बच्चे को चाहे वह विवाहिता माता से जन्मा हो या अविवाहिता से, समान सासाजिक संरक्षण प्राप्त होगा ।

अनुच्छेद २६.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को शिक्षा का अधिकार है । शिक्षा कम से कम प्रारम्भिक और बुनियादी अवस्थाओं में निःशुल्क होगी । प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा अनिवार्य होगी । टेक्निकल, यांत्रिक और पेशों-सम्बन्धी शिक्षा साधारण रूप से प्राप्त होगी और उच्चतर शिक्षा सभी को योग्यता के आधार पर समान रूप से उपलब्ध होगी ।

(२) शिक्षा का उद्देश्य होगा मानव व्यक्तित्व का पूर्ण विकास और मानाव अधिकारों तथा बुनियादी स्वतन्त्रताओं के प्रति सम्मान को पुष्टि । शिक्षा द्वारा राष्ट्रों, जातियों अथवा घार्मिक समूहों के बीच आपसी सद्भावना, सहिष्णुता और मंत्री का विकास होगा और शांति बनाए रखने के लिए संयुक्त राष्ट्रों के प्रयत्नों के आगे बढ़ाया जाएगा ।

(३) माता-पिता को सबसे पहले इस बात का अक्षिकार है कि वे चुनाव कर सकें कि किस क़िस्म की शिक्षा उनके बच्चों को दी जाएगी ।

अनुच्छेद २७.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक समाज के सांस्कृतिक जीवन में हिस्सा लेने, कलाओं का आनन्द लेने, तथा वैज्ञानिक उन्नति और उसकी सुविधाओं में भाग लेने का हक़ है ।

(२) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को किसी भी ऐसी वैज्ञानिक, साहित्यिक या कलास्मक कृति मे उत्पन्न नैतिक और आर्थिक हितों की रक्षा का अधिकार है जिसका रचयिता वह स्वयं हो ।

अनुच्छेद २८.

प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को ऐसी सामाजिक और अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय व्यवस्था की प्राप्ति का अधिकार है जिसमें इस घोषणा में उल्लिखित अधिकारों और स्वतन्त्रताओं को पूर्णतः प्राप्त किया जा सके ।

अनुच्छेद २९.

(१) प्रत्येक व्यक्ति का उसी समाज के प्रति कर्तव्य है जिसमें रहकर उसके व्यक्तित्व का स्वतन्त्र और पूर्ण विकास संभव हो ।

(२) अपने अधिकारों और स्वतन्त्रताओं का उपयोग करते हुए प्रत्येक व्यक्ति केवल ऐसी ही सीमाओं द्वारा बद्ध होगा, जो कानून द्वारा निश्चित की जाएंगी और जिनका एकमात्र उद्देश्य दूसरों के अधिकारों और स्वतन्त्रताओं के लिये आदर और समुचित स्वीकृति की प्राप्ति होगा तथा जिनकी आवश्यकता एक प्रजातन्त्रात्मक समाज में नैतिकता, सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था और सामान्य कल्याण की उचित आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करना होगा ।

(३) इन अधिकारों और स्वतन्त्रताओं का उपयोग किसी प्रकार से भी संयुक्त राष्ट्रों के सिद्धान्तों और उद्देश्यों के विरुद्ध नहीं किया जायगा ।

अनुच्छेद ३०.

इस घोषणा में उल्लिखित किसी भी बात का यह अर्थ नहीं लगाना चाहिए जिससे यह प्रतीत हो कि किसी भी राज्य, समूह, या व्यक्ति की किसी ऐसे प्रयत्न में संलग्न होने या ऐसा कार्य करने का अधिकार है, जिसका उद्देश्य यहां बताये गए अधिकारों और स्वतन्त्रताओं में मे किसी का भी विनाश करना हो ।